Analysis of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid in Microchannel-Cooled Cylindrical Li-ion Battery Pack Using Multi-Scale Multi-Domain Framework

For cylindrical Li-ion battery packs, the battery thermal management system can be properly designed and analyzed from an energy-exergy viewpoint during charging and discharging to ensure the proper functionality of batteries; however, not been explored yet. Hence, cylindrical Li-ion battery pack with novel-designed serpentine microchannel-cooled thermal management system are analyzed. Applying the Multi-Scale Multi-Domain New-man, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim model, an electrochemical model is used for the 3D battery thermal modeling. Effects of circular and rectangular cross-sectional shaped microchannels and using ternary hybrid nanofluids [THNF1 (Al2O3 (0.5%) + Cu (0.5%) + MWCNT (1%)/water) and THNF2 (Al2O3 (0.5%) + Cu (0.5%) + Graphene (1%)/water] are investigated at a 3C-discharge rate. Results indicate that the use of ternary hybrid nanofluid and microchannel cross-sectional shape has a strong influence. Maximum temperature, temperature uniformity, pumping power, heat transfer coefficient to pressure drop ratio, and entropy generation are the key factors. The present simulation can predict individual battery thermal behavior during charging and discharging. The sug-gested design successfully lowers the cell temperature to 305.24 K by using THNF2 and the temperature dif-ference to 5.23 K of the 26,650-type cylindrical cell. Rectangular cross-sectioned microchannel is found to be more effective. The thermal control of batteries is greatly enhanced by using ternary hybrid nanofluid. The suggested technique will improve the battery life.