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    • Quantifying Stress and Relaxation: A New Measure of Heart Rate Variability As a Reliable Biomarker

    Emese Rudics,Andras Buzas, Antonia Palfi,Zoltan Szabo, Adam Nagy,Emoke Adrienn Hompoth, Jozsef Dombi,Vilmos Bilicki,Istvan Szendi,Andras Der

    BIOMEDICINES（2025）

    Univ Szeged | HUN REN Biol Res Ctr | Kiskunhalas Semmelweis Univ

    Cited 0|Views1
    Abstract
    Background/Objectives: For the rapid, objective characterization of the physiological stress response, there is currently no generally recognized standard. The stress measurement methods used in practice (e.g., for psychological measures of stress) are often subjective, or in the case of biological markers (e.g., cortisol, amylase), they usually require a blood test. For this reason, the use of heart rate variability (HRV) to characterize stress has recently come to the fore. HRV is the variability in the length of heartbeat intervals, which indicates the ability of the heart to respond to various physiological and environmental stimuli. However, the conventional HRV metrics are not corrected for heart rate dependence; hence, they fail to fully account for the complex physiology of stress and relaxation. In order to remedy this problem, here we introduce a novel HRV parameter, the normalized variability derived from an RMSSD “Master Curve”, and we compare it with the conventional metrics. Methods: In Study 1, the relaxation state was induced either by heart rate variability biofeedback training (N = 21) or by habitual relaxation (N = 21), while in Study 2 (N = 9), the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test and the Socially Evaluated Stroop Test were used to induce stress in the subject. For a statistical evaluation of the data, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to compare the distributions of mean HR, log(RMSSD), log(SDNN), and normalized variability before, during, and after relaxation and stress. Results: The results of this study indicate that while log(RMSSD) and log(SDNN) did not change significantly, the normalized variability did undergo a significant change both in relaxation states and in stress states induced by the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test. Conclusions: Overall, we suggest this novel type of normalized variability ought to be used as a sensitive stress indicator, and in general, for the characterization of the complex processes of the vegetative nervous system.
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    heart rate variability,biofeedback training,stress,normalized variability,master curve,relaxation
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    【要点】：本文提出了一种新的心率变异性（HRV）参数——基于RMSSD“主曲线”的归一化变异性，作为评估生理压力反应的可靠生物标志，相较于传统HRV指标更具优越性。
    

    【方法】：通过对比传统HRV指标（如log(RMSSD)和log(SDNN)）与新的归一化变异性，在放松状态（通过HRV生物反馈训练或习惯性放松诱导）和压力状态（通过社会评价的冷pressor测试和社会评价的Stroop测试诱导）下，使用Kolmogorov–Smirnov检验进行统计分析。
    

    【实验】：实验分为两部分，研究1中，共有42名参与者，通过不同方式诱导放松状态；研究2中，9名参与者经历了压力诱导测试。数据通过Kolmogorov–Smirnov检验进行分析，结果表明归一化变异性在放松和压力状态下均发生了显著变化。