Ba 0.97 La 0.02 Ti 1-X Nb 4x/5 O 3 for X = 0.07 and 0.10 Perovskite Ceramics: Effect of Doping on Electrical, Dielectrical Responses and Conductivity Mechanisms

The effect of Nb for Ti substitution on the electrical, modulus, dielectric and conductivity behaviors of a ceramic perovskite, barium lanthanum titanate (BLTi 1-x Nb 4x/5 ), Ba 0.97 La 0.02 Ti 1-x Nb 4x/5 O 3 , for x = 0.07 and 0.10, was investigated at a 0 V d.c. bias potential. The flux reaction method was used to create our solid solutions. With a rising niobium amount, electrical conductivity rose. Jonscher's universal power law was used to fit the experimental results. The fact that the exponent n is marginally greater than 1 suggests that the hopping takes place between neighboring sites. As frequency rose, the dielectric constant dropped. Maxwell–Wagner (M-W) interface polarization is responsible for this behavior. Complex impedance spectroscopy was used to inspect the electrical characteristics in the frequency band (100–10 6 Hz), at a 0 V d.c. bias potential. With increasing Nb concentration, the real and imaginary components of impedance rose. Each sample was represented by a single impedance semicircle on the complex impedance plot that was visible over both high and low frequencies. The measurement of the complex electrical modulus spectrum revealed the impact of grain boundaries and grains on electrical properties. A mismatch between the two maxima of the impedance and electrical modulus normalization curves was observed, which points to the possibility of short-range motion of charge carriers.