Effect of lactation on the distribution of mineral elements in goat milk.

The distribution of mineral elements in milk is crucial for their absorption and utilization, however, there has been limited attention given to the status of mineral elements in goat milk. In this study, goat milk was collected at 4 lactation periods (1-3,90,150,240d) and separated into 4 fractions (fat, casein, whey, and aqueous phase). The concentrations of Mg, Ca, Na, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, and Cr in 4 fractions were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Our findings reveal that Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Cr exhibit the highest levels in casein, while Mo demonstrates the highest content in whey. Additionally, Mg, Na, K, and Ni display the highest concentrations in the aqueous phase. Specifically, the contents of Ca, Cu and Fe in casein decrease from 1 to 3 d to 150 d of lactation but increase from 150 d to 240 d of lactation. Furthermore, the content of Mg in the aqueous phase decreases from 1 to 3 d to 90 d of lactation but increases from 90 d to 240 d of lactation. The content of Na and K in the aqueous phase decreases from 1 to 3 d to 150 d of lactation. Notably, the content of Mo in whey increases from 1 to 3 d to 150 d of lactation and decreases from 150 d to 240 d. Our research contributes to the advancement of understanding the bioavailability of mineral elements in goat milk.