TREM-1, TREM-2 and Their Association with Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19

Ruyue Fan, Zuowang Cheng,Zhisheng Huang,Ying Yang,Na Sun, Bin Hu,Peibin Hou, Bo Liu,Chuanjun Huang,Shuai Liu

ANNALS OF MEDICINE（2023）

Jinan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent | Jining Med Univ | Nanchang Univ | Zibo Municipal Hosp | Shandong First Med Univ

Cited 2|Views4

Abstract

Background Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment caused by limited biomarkers are associated with the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to identify other promising biomarkers and candidate targets for defining dysregulated inflammatory states.Methods The triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)-1 and TREM-2 expression from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were characterized using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Their correlation with disease severity and contrast with the main clinical indicators were evaluated.Results Increased expression of soluble TREM-1 and TREM-2 in the plasma of COVID-19 patients was found compared to the control group. Moreover, membrane-bound TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression was upregulated on the cell surface of circulating blood T cells from COVID-19 patients. Correlation analysis showed that sTREM-2 levels were negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2, but positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the predictive efficacy of sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 was equivalent to CRP and IL-6, and a little better than absolute leukocyte or neutrophil count and PCT in distinguishing disease severity.Conclusion TREM-2 and TREM-1 are critical host immune factors that response to SARS-COV-2 infection and could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COVID-19. The expression of soluble TREM-1 and TREM-2 in plasma and membrane-bound TREM-1 and TREM-2 on the cell surface was upregulated in COVID-19 patients. sTREM-2 level was negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2, but positively correlated with CRP, PCT and IL-6 level, respectively. sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 exhibited potential predictive abilities, and their expression was equivalent to CRP and IL-6, and better than the absolute leukocytes or neutrophil counts and PCT in distinguishing disease severity.

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Key words

TREM-1,TREM-2,disease severity,COVID-19

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