Do Children with Disabilities Have the Same Opportunities to Play As Children Without Disabilities? Evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in 38 Low and Middle-Income Countries

Tracey Smythe,Shanquan Chen,Sara Rotenberg,Marianne Unger,Emily Miner,Frederic Seghers,Chiara Servili,Hannah Kuper

EClinicalMedicine（2024）

London Sch Hyg & Trop Med | Univ Oxford | Stellenbosch Univ | Clinton Hlth Access Initiat | WHO

Cited 0|Views21

Abstract

Summary: Background: Play is essential for the cognitive, social, and emotional development of all children. Disparities potentially exist in access to play for children with disabilities, and the extent of this inequity is unknown. Methods: Data from 212,194 children aged 2–4 years in 38 Low and Middle-Income Countries were collected in the UNICEF supported Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2017–2020). Disability was assessed by the Washington Group-Child Functioning Module. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate the relationship between disability and play opportunities, controlling for age, sex, and wealth status. Meta-analysis was used to pool the estimates (overall, and disaggregated by sex), with heterogeneity assessed by Cochran's Q test. Findings: Children with disabilities have approximately 9% fewer play opportunities than those without disabilities (adjusted RR [aRR] = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82–0.93), and this varied across countries. Mongolia and Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe had the lowest likelihood of play opportunities for children with disabilities ((aRR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.09–0.75; aRR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.23–0.93, respectively). Moreover, children with disabilities are 17% less likely to be provided with opportunities to play with their mothers (aRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.93), which is further reduced for girls with disabilities (aRR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.90) compared to their peers without disabilities. The associations varied by impairment type, and children with communication and learning impairments are less likely to have opportunities for play with aRR of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60–0.79) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86), compared to those without disabilities, respectively. Interpretation: Children with disabilities are being left behind in their access to play and this is likely to have negative impacts on their overall development and well-being. Funding: HK and TS are funded by HK's NIHR Global Research Professorship (NIHR301621). SR is funded by a Rhodes Scholarship. This study was funded by the Programme for Evidence to Inform Disability Action (PENDA) grant from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.

Translated text

Key words

Disability,Play,Equity,Multiple indicator cluster survey,Low and middle income countries

求助PDF

上传PDF

Bibtex

AI Read Science

AI Summary

AI Summary is the key point extracted automatically understanding the full text of the paper, including the background, methods, results, conclusions, icons and other key content, so that you can get the outline of the paper at a glance.

Example

Background

Key content

Introduction

Methods

Results

Related work

Fund

Key content

Pretraining has recently greatly promoted the development of natural language processing (NLP)
We show that M6 outperforms the baselines in multimodal downstream tasks, and the large M6 with 10 parameters can reach a better performance
We propose a method called M6 that is able to process information of multiple modalities and perform both single-modal and cross-modal understanding and generation
The model is scaled to large model with 10 billion parameters with sophisticated deployment, and the 10 -parameter M6-large is the largest pretrained model in Chinese
Experimental results show that our proposed M6 outperforms the baseline in a number of downstream tasks concerning both single modality and multiple modalities We will continue the pretraining of extremely large models by increasing data to explore the limit of its performance

Upload PDF to Generate Summary

Must-Reading Tree

Example

Generate MRT to find the research sequence of this paper