[18F]PI-2620 Binding Patterns in Patients with Suspected Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.

Tau PET has enabled the visualization of paired helical filaments of 3 or 4 C-terminal repeat tau in Alzheimer disease (AD), but its ability to detect aggregated tau in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum disorders is uncertain. We investigated 2-(2-([18F]fluoro)-pyridin-4-yl)-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5c9]dipyridine ([18F]PI-2620), a newer tracer with ex vivo evidence for binding to FTLD tau, in a convenience sample of patients with suspected FTLD , AD using a static acquisition protocol and parametric SUV ratio (SUVr) images. Methods: We analyzed [18F]PI-2620 PET data from 65 patients with clinical diagnoses associated with AD or FTLD neuropathology; most (60/65) also had amyloid-b (Ab) PET. Scans were acquired 30-60 min after injection; SUVr maps (reference, inferior cerebellar cortex) were created for the full acquisition and for 10-min truncated sliding windows (30-40, 35-45, ... 50-60 min). Age-and sex-adjusted z score maps were com-puted for each patient, relative to 23 Ab-negative cognitively healthy controls (HC). Mean SUVr in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, sub -thalamic nuclei, dentate nuclei, white matter , temporal gray matter was extracted for the full and truncated windows. Results: Patients with suspected AD neuropathology (Ab-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment or AD dementia) showed high-intensity temporo-parietal cortex-predominant [18F]PI-2620 binding. At the group level, patients with clinical diagnoses associated with FTLD (progressive supranuclear palsy with Richardson syndrome [PSP Richardson syndrome], corticobasal syndrome, and nonfluent-variant primary progressive aphasia) exhibited higher globus pallidus SUVr than did HCs; pallidal retention was highest in the PSP Richardson syndrome group, in whom SUVr was correlated with symptom severity (r 5 0.53, P 5 0.05). At the individual level, only half of PSP Richardson syndrome, corticobasal syndrome, and nonfluent-variant primary progressive aphasia patients had a pallidal SUVr above that of HCs. Temporal SUVr discriminated AD patients from HCs with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.83- 1.00]) for all time windows, whereas discrimination between patients with PSP Richardson syndrome , HCs using pallidal SUVr was fair regardless of time window (area under the receiver operating character-istic curve, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.61-0.92] at 30-40 min vs. 0.81 [95% CI, 0.66-0.96] at 50-60 min; P 5 0.67). Conclusion: [18F]PI-2620 SUVr shows an intense and consistent signal in AD but lower-intensity, heterogeneous , rapidly decreasing binding in patients with suspected FTLD. Further work is needed to delineate the substrate of [18F]PI-2620 binding and the usefulness of [18F]PI2620 SUVr quantification outside the AD continuum.