Failure of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in Patients with SARS-CoV-2

Introduction: The objective of this study is to assess the failure of therapies with HFNO (high-flow nasal oxygen), CPAP, Bilevel, or combined therapy in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 during their hospitalization. Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who required non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) at the Reina Sofía General University Hospital of Murcia between March 2020 and May 2021. Results: Of 7355 patients, 197 (11.8%) were included; 95 of them failed this therapy (48.3%). We found that during hospitalization in the ward, the combined therapy of HFNO and CPAP had an overall lower failure rate and the highest treatment with Bilevel (p = 0.005). In the comparison of failure in therapy without two levels of airway pressure, HFNO, CPAP, and combined therapy of HFNO with CPAP, (35.6% of patients) presented with 24.2% failure, compared to those who had two levels of pressure with Bilevel and combined therapy of HFNO with Bilevel (64.4% of patients), with 75.8% associated failure (OR: 0, 374; CI 95%: 0.203–0.688. p = 0.001). Conclusions: The use of NIRS during conventional hospitalization is safe and effective in patients with respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The therapeutic strategy of Bilevel increases the probability of failure, with the combined therapy strategy of CPAP and HFNO being the most promising option.