ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PARTICULARITIES IN THE CARDIAC COMORBIDITIES

Background and aims: Cardiopathies are part of a group of diseases involved in the major causes of death in the world. The set of these diseases are usually associated with risk factors such as physical inactivity, high blood pressure, stress, family history and genetic factors. Our aim was to investigate a possible association of demographic and clinical data with the diagnosed cardiac alteration. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional design was carried out between 2019 and 2021 with 215 patients surgical intervention in/or treatment to cardiopathies were included. All patients answered a questionnaire and provided peripheral blood sample. Laboratory data was obtained from the medical records. Results: The need for hospitalization occurred in 160 (74.4%) patients, with 133 (61.9%) requiring surgery. These were hospitalized 2.32 more days (19.8 ± 22.5), compared to those who did not undergo surgery (8.54 ± 14.69) (p < 0.001). The most prevalent cardiac alterations were: atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease (39.6%), acute myocardial infarction (21.8%), aortic aneurysm (11.9%), unstable angina (11.4%), stenosis aortic (7.8%), angina pectoris (8.2%) and mitral stenosis (6.9%). Systemic arterial hypertension was prevalent in 98 (45.6%) patients and during the study period, six male patients (2.8%) and 1 female (0.47%) died. Familial heart disease was present in 37.2% of those diagnosed with mitral stenosis and in 27.0% with acute myocardial infarction. The most frequent blood group in patients with heart disease was “O” (54.6%), followed by “A” (29.7%), “B” (9.7%) and “AB” (6.0%). The positive RH factor was the most prevalent in 75% of the patients. It is interesting to note that blood group “O” was prevalent in most of the diagnosed cardiac disorders (PR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.79-1.56; p = 0.031). Discussion: Ischemia and heart failure are the main comorbidities for mortality from cardiac disease. Ischemia of the heart can present divergent outcomes in terms of severity between genders, being more severe in young men and older women. Several studies have tried to associate the ABO blood type and cardiovascular diseases, however, even today, the pathophysiological mechanisms of most heart diseases remain unknown. Conclusion: We believe that the association in this study, correlations between ABO blood phenotypes and heart disease, may be a potential marker in the prevention and clinical treatment of heart disease. However, our results, together with the literature on the subject, are still inconsistent.