Cosmological Application of the Lens-Redshift Probability Distribution with Improved Galaxy-Scale Gravitational Lensing Sample

We conduct the cosmological analysis by using the lens-redshift distribution test with updated galaxy-scale strong lensing sample, where the considered scenarios involve three typical cosmological models (i.e., ACDM, coCDM and co0coaCDM models) and three typical choices (i.e., non-evolving, power-law and exponential forms) for the velocity-dispersion distribution function (VDF) of lens galaxies. It shows that degeneracies between cosmological and VDF parameters lead to the shifts of estimates on the parameters. The limits on S2m0 from the lens-redshift distribution are consistent with those from the Pantheon+Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) sample at 68.3% confidence level, though the uncertainties on S2m0 from the former are about 3 to 8 times larger than those from the latter. The mean values of S2m0 shift to the larger values in the power-law VDF case and to the lower values in the exponential VDF case, compared with those obtained in the non-evolving VDF case. In the coCDM model, the limits on co0, i.e. the dark energy equation of state (EoS), are consistent with those from the Pantheon+sample at 68.3% confidence level, but the mean values of co0 from the former are significantly smaller than those from the latter. In the co0coaCDM model, the uncertainties on co0 are dramatically enlarged compared with those obtained in the coCDM model; moreover, the Markov chains of coa, i.e. the time-varying slope of EoS, do not achieve convergence in the three VDF cases. Overall, the lens-redshift distribution test is more effective on constraining S2m0 than on the dark energy EoS. & COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).