Resuscitative transesophageal echocardiography during the acute resuscitation of trauma: A retrospective observational study

Background: Resuscitative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an emerging POCUS modality that can be used to guide trauma resuscitation.Methods: Trauma patients who underwent TEE within 24 h of admission from 2013 to 2022 were prospectively identified. We retrospectively analyzed resuscitative TEE reports and patient charts in duplicate.Results: 29 providers performed TEE for 54 acute trauma patients. 28 (52%) died in hospital; 33 (61%) required operative intervention (<24 h). Median injury severity score was 29 [IQR 22-43]. The most common indications for TEE were hemodynamic instability (34, 63%), inadequate windows for transthoracic echocardiography (14, 26%) and cardiac arrest (11, 20%). There were no identified complications. A new diagnosis was made in 31 (57%) cases: most commonly right ventricular dysfunction (10, 19%), pericardial effusion (9, 17%), and hypovolemia (6, 11%). TEE ruled out major cardiac injury in 83% of cases. TEE changed resuscitative strategy, in 17 (32%) patients, diagnostic imaging approach in 6 (11%) patients, procedural or operative approach in 5 (9%) patients and disposition from the trauma bay in 4 (7%) patients.Conclusion: Resuscitative TEE during acute trauma care has an additional diagnostic yield to existing diagnostic pathways and may impact definitive management for some patients in the trauma bay.