Evaluation of a Self-Questionnaire to Screen for Neurological Complications Associated with Immunological Checkpoint Inhibitors: Are We Missing Something?

Introduction. - Immunological checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have led to a therapeutic revolution in the management of many cancers and indications are increasing. Neurological complications seem to have a profile quite distinct from that of toxicities related to chemotherapy, although it is possible that some manifestations remain under-reported or misdiagnosed.Objectives. - (i) To evaluate the value of a self-questionnaire in screening for neurological ICI-related complications. (ii) To investigate whether, apart from the subacute complications described in the literature, neurological complications of more insidious onset might occur.Method. - Patients followed in dermatology department for skin cancers treated with ICI, completed every infusion a neurological screening auto-questionnaire. Patients were selected for a neurological expertise based on the questionnaire's data.Results. - In total, 149 patients completed > 1 questionnaire, with a median delay of 174 days from the start of treatment. A total of 229 questionnaires were completed between July 2019 and December 2019. 38 patients were identified for a neurological consultation. None of these patients had a neurological event attributable to ICI. During the follow-up, only one patient had a neurological event related to ICI, which was not revealed by the questionnaire. Discussion. - Neurological signs in ICI-treated-skin-cancer context are more often due to tumoral progression. Neurological complications of ICI remain rare and unpredictable. The systematic neurological questionnaire has not been shown to be useful in this context.These results highlight the need to educate patients about possible subacute signs that should lead to contact the treating physicians and the need for a close cooperation between dermatologists/oncologists and neurologists.(c) 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.