Effect of Pain Education Interventions on Registered Nurses' Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: This review and meta-analysis aims to reveal how pain education interventions affect registered nurses' pain management.Design: A systematic review and meta-analysisData sources: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and ERICReview methods: A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed English or Finnish-language articles published between 2008 and 2021. The review included a quality appraisal and a meta-analysis of articles providing group-level data before and after the intervention (n = 12). The methods followed the PRISMA guidelines.Results: Overall, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review, of which 15 were evaluated as good quality. Based on the articles on document audits (n = 10), pain education interventions reduced the risk of not receiving the best pain management by 40%, whereas based on the articles on patients' experiences (n = 4), they reduced the risk by 25%. The study quality and design of these articles were considerably heterogenous.Conclusions: Pain education study strategies varied widely among the included articles. These articles used multivariate interventions without systematization or sufficient opportunity to transfer the study protocols. It can be concluded that versatile pain nursing education interventions, as well as auditing of pain nursing and its documentation combined with feedback, can be effective to nurses in adapting pain management and assessment practices and increasing patient satisfaction. However, further research is required in this regard. In addition, well-designed, implemented, and reproducible evidence-based pain education intervention is required in the future.& COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Pain Management Nursing. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )