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Mapper of the IGM Spin Temperature: Instrument Overview

R. A. Monsalve, C. Altamirano, V Bidula, R. Bustos, C. H. Bye,H. C. Chiang, M. Diaz, B. Fernandez, X. Guo, I Hendricksen, E. Hornecker, F. Lucero, H. Mani, F. McGee,F. P. Mena, M. Pessoa, G. Prabhakar, O. Restrepo,J. L. Sievers,N. Thyagarajan

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society(2024)

Univ Calif Berkeley | Univ Catolica Santisima Concepcion | McGill Univ | Univ Toronto | Univ Chile | CryoElec LLC | Natl Radio Astron Observ | CSIRO

Cited 6|Views21
Abstract
The observation of the global 21 cm signal produced by neutral hydrogen gasin the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and Epochof Reionization requires measurements with extremely well-calibrated widebandradiometers. We describe the design and characterization of the Mapper of theIGM Spin Temperature (MIST), which is a new ground-based, single-antenna,global 21 cm experiment. The design of MIST was guided by the objectives ofavoiding systematics from an antenna ground plane and cables around theantenna, as well as maximizing the instrument's on-sky efficiency andportability for operations at remote sites. We have built two MIST instruments,which observe in the range 25-105 MHz. For the 21 cm signal, this frequencyrange approximately corresponds to redshifts 55.5 > z > 12.5, encompassing theDark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. The MIST antenna is a horizontal blade dipole of2.42 m in length, 60 cm in width, and 52 cm in height above the ground. Thisantenna operates without a metal ground plane. The instruments run on 12 Vbatteries and have a maximum power consumption of 17 W. The batteries andelectronics are contained in a single receiver box located under the antenna.We present the characterization of the instruments using electromagneticsimulations and lab measurements. We also show sample sky measurements fromrecent observations at remote sites in California, Nevada, and the CanadianHigh Arctic. These measurements indicate that the instruments perform asexpected. Detailed analyses of the sky measurements are left for future work.
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astronomical instrumentation, methods and techniques,instrumentation: miscellaneous,methods: observational,dark ages, reionization, first stars,cosmology: observations
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要点】:本文介绍了Mapper of the IGM Spin Temperature (MIST)的设计与性能,一种新的基于地面的单天线全球21 cm辐射实验,旨在观测宇宙暗时期和宇宙拂晓期间的21 cm信号。

方法】:MIST的设计重点在于避免天线地面平面和周围电缆的系统误差,同时提高仪器在远程站点操作的效率和便携性。

实验】:研究团队构建了两台MIST仪器,观测频率范围在25-105 MHz,对应红移55.5 > z > 12.5,覆盖了暗时期和宇宙拂晓。实验使用水平叶片偶极子天线,无需金属地面平面,并通过电磁模拟和实验室测量对仪器进行了性能表征。在加州、内华达州和加拿大高北极的远程站点进行的观测表明,仪器性能符合预期。详细的天空测量分析将留待后续工作。