First Report of Fusarium Root Rot of Tobacco Caused by Fusarium Solani in Lincang, China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 5First Report of Fusarium Root Rot of Tobacco Caused by Fusarium solani in Lincang, China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Fusarium Root Rot of Tobacco Caused by Fusarium solani in Lincang, ChinaMin Yang, Jingdong Cao, Yuanxian Zheng, Jiming Wang, Houfa Zhou, Mingdong He, Jie Duan, Wenjie Tong, Xiaopeng Deng, Xiaolong Chen, Ding Yan, Xuanjie Cai, Yu Zhong, Feiyan Huang, Yuansheng He, and Lei YuMin YangCollege of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China, Jingdong CaoLincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China, Yuanxian ZhengLincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China, Jiming WangLincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China, Houfa ZhouLincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China, Mingdong HeLincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China, Jie DuanLincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China, Wenjie TongYunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming 650201, China, Xiaopeng DengYunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming 650201, China, Xiaolong ChenTobacco Leaf Purchase Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China, Ding YanMaterial Procurement Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China, Xuanjie CaiMaterial Procurement Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China, Yu ZhongCollege of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China, Feiyan Huanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-0848College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China, Yuansheng He†Corresponding authors: Y. He; E-mail Address: 78584588@qq.com and L. Yu; E-mail Address: yulei0425@163.comLincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China, and Lei Yu†Corresponding authors: Y. He; E-mail Address: 78584588@qq.com and L. Yu; E-mail Address: yulei0425@163.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-9803College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Min Yang1 Jingdong Cao2 Yuanxian Zheng2 Jiming Wang2 Houfa Zhou2 Mingdong He2 Jie Duan2 Wenjie Tong3 Xiaopeng Deng3 Xiaolong Chen4 Ding Yan5 Xuanjie Cai5 Yu Zhong1 Feiyan Huang1 Yuansheng He2 † Lei Yu1 † 1College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China 2Lincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang 677000, China 3Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming 650201, China 4Tobacco Leaf Purchase Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China 5Material Procurement Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China Published Online:8 Mar 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1711-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an economically important crop in China, it is a leafy, annual, solanaceous plant grown commercially for its leaves. Fusarium root rot of tobacco (Yunyan 87) has been observed in Lincang (98.40°N, 100.32°E), Yunnan Province, China, since 2017. Symptoms included the chlorosis of lower leaves and darkening of vascular tissue of roots. The stem and taproot exhibited reddish to brown vascular discoloration. Progressively, the whole plant wilted, the roots rotted, and the plant ultimately died, with crop damage ranging from 13.5 to 21.5%. Samples from plants with symptoms were washed with running tap water, surface sterilized with 2% sodium hypochlorite and then 70% ethanol, rinsed in sterile distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 28°C ± 1. Fungal isolates developed copious white aerial mycelium and formed colonies of ∼6.3 cm (diameter) in 6 days. Colonies exhibited entire margins and the color varied from white to cream. The 37 isolates were obtained from 37 pieces of roots. Macroconidia were falciform, hyaline, three to five septate, with a characteristic foot-shaped basal cell and blunt apical cell, with dimensions of 33.8 to 64.5 × 3.3 to 5.2 μm (average 41.6 × 4.1 μm). Microconidia were hyaline, one to two cells, oval or reniform, with dimensions of 8.1 to 15.7 × 3.2 to 6.1 μm (average 13.5 × 4.5 μm). Chlamydospores were spherical, single or in chains, with dimensions of 9.8 to 12.3 × 7.1 to 8.3 μm (average 10.7 × 8.1 μm). Morphological characteristics were consistent with the description provided for Fusarium solani sensu lato (Nelson et al. 1983). Two regions of sequencing, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), were amplified. The obtained ITS sequence (MK574819) of isolate YJ4 showed 97.44% identity with F. solani (FD_01865_ITS) in the Fusarium-ID (http://isolate.fusariumdb.org/blast.php) database and 100% identity with F. solani (KM015286) in the Fusarium MLST (http://www.wi.knaw.nl/Fusarium/) database. BLASTn analysis of the EF1-α sequence (MK580970) revealed 98 and 100% sequence identity, respectively, to F. solani in both Fusarium-ID (FD_01443_EF-1a) and Fusarium MLST (DQ247639) databases. Morphological and molecular results confirmed this species as F. solani (Schroers et al. 2016). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on six-leaf-stage seedlings (Yunyan 87). They were inoculated with 100 ml of spore suspension (105 spores/ml), which was poured over the roots of tobacco seedlings. Control seedlings received sterile water. Inoculated and control seedlings (nine each) were kept in a greenhouse and watered as needed (80% RH, at temperatures ranging from 25 to 30°C). After 9 days, all of the inoculated tobacco seedlings showed vascular discoloration of roots, and disease incidence was 100% 1 month later. No symptoms were observed on the control plant. F. solani reisolated from the symptomatic roots and stem tissue of all the inoculated plants was morphologically and genetically identical to the original isolate. F. solani was not isolated from the control plant, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. The common tobacco Fusarium disease reported in China was caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae and F. kyushuense (in Guizhou Province) (Wang et al. 2013). In this study, morphological and molecular analyses identified the pathogenic isolate as F. solani, and it was the causal agent of the disease. F. solani has been reported as a pathogen of tobacco in northwestern Argentina (Berruezo et al. 2018) and as infecting castor (Zhou et al. 2019), strawberry (Pastrana et al. 2014), olive (Perez et al. 2011), and tarragon (Koike 2011). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani on tobacco in China. This study will also provide critical information on the causal agent for growers to implement disease management strategies and future research.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Berruezo, L. A., et al. 2018. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 151:1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1443-6 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarKoike, S. T. 2011. Plant Dis. 95:768. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-11-0058 Link, ISI, Google ScholarNelson, P. E., et al. 1983. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA. Google ScholarPastrana, A. M., et al. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:161. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0682-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarPerez, B. A., et al. 2011. Plant Dis. 95:1476. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0095 Link, ISI, Google ScholarSchroers, H. J., et al. 2016. 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Metrics Downloaded 762 times Article History Issue Date: 3 May 2020Published: 8 Mar 2020First Look: 10 Jan 2020Accepted: 8 Jan 2020 Page: 1541 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingScience and Technology Plan Projects of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco CompanyGrant/Award Number: 2018530000241020Grant/Award Number: 2019530000241028Grant/Award Number: 2018530000241016Grant/Award Number: 2019530000241011Shanghai Tobacco GroupGrant/Award Number: 20193100001Keywordsfungifield cropsdisease managementpathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByFusarium species associated with leaf spots of mango in ChinaMicrobial Pathogenesis, Vol. 150