Immunochemical Determination of Diclofenac in Tablets, Artificial Urine, and Surface Water Using Ruthenium and Rhenium Complexes

Methods using fluorescence polarization analysis and an amperometric immunosensor for the immunochemical determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in drugs, artificial urine, and surface water are proposed. High analytical sensitivity was achieved by using promising nanomaterials, in particular, silicon nanoparticles doped with highly luminescent ruthenium complexes and electrochemically active hexarhenium cluster complexes. The relative standard deviation was (0.070. It was shown that the developed procedures for immunochemical determination of diclofenac had a wider range of determined concentrations than other methods.