Simulating the Dynamics of the Characteristics of Snow Cover Formation Regime in the Russian Federation Territory. 2. Forest Areas of ER in the Historical Period

A procedure for calculating various characteristics of snow cover formation, based on the use of the land surface model SWAP was tested on forest areas of the European Russia for a historical period (1967−2019). The comparison of simulation results with appropriate observation data showed the good quality of reproduction of snow formation processes at these objects. Changes of the climatic values of snow cover formation characteristics in the historical period were analyzed to reveal tendencies in these changes in forest areas in the region. Thus, it was found that, despite the decrease in the duration of snow cover, there is increase in snowpack, in particular, in the maximal snow water equivalent. The difference between the characteristics of snow cover formation in the field and forest areas of European Russia was assessed. The mean values of the snow accumulation coefficient over the forest area relative to the field was found to be greater than 1.0. At the same time, the climatic changes in the historical period lead to a decrease of this characteristic in time.