Bismuth and Cobalt Multiphasic System: Synthesis and Application As Microstrip Patch Antenna Substrate

Sillenites have been a subject of increasing interest for electronics applications due to their unique crystal structure, ease of synthesis and vast potential for combination with other elements. In this study, bismuth–cobalt-based material is produced and applied as microstrip patch antenna (MPA) substrate. Synthesis, characterization, simulations and measurements are detailed. To produce Bi13Co11, a sol–gel technique modified by ionic coordination reaction (ICR) was performed, followed by calcination and sintering. Structural characterization was performed by x-ray diffraction, followed by Rietveld refinement, resulting in a main phase-weighted percentage of 53.82