Relationship Between Hemoglobin and Lung Cancer: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Hemoglobin (Hb) represents the most widely utilized test parameter in clinical settings. However, few articles have examined the causal relationship between Hb concentration and lung cancer incidence. Mendelian randomization (MR) was first conducted to investigate the potential causality between Hb and lung cancer. Sensitivity analyses were applied to validate the reliability of MR results. Then, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was used to verify the effect of Hb on the prognosis of lung cancer. The MR analysis demonstrated that Hb was casually associated with the decreased risk of lung cancer in the European population (ORIVW 0.84, 95