Iridoids and active ones in patrinia : A review.

Iridoid is a special class of monoterpenoids, whose basic skeleton is the acetal derivative of antinodilaldehyde with a bicyclic H-5/H-9, -cisfused cyclopentan pyran ring. They were often existed in Valerianaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Labiaceae family, and has various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, neuroprotection, and soon. In this review, iridoids from (Valerianaceae family), and the active ones as well as their mechanisms in recent 20 years were summarized. Up to now, a total of 115 iridoids had been identified in , among which 48 had extensive biological activities mainly presented in anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and neuroprotective. And the mechanisms involved in MAPK, NF-κB and JNK signal pathways. The summary for iridoids and their activities will provide the evidence to exploit the iridoids in .