Mechanistic investigation of enhanced bacterial soft rot resistance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with elemental sulfur nanomaterials.
The Science of the total environment(2023)
摘要
Crop diseases significantly threaten global food security and will worsen with a changing climate. Elemental sulfur nanomaterials (S NMs) were used to suppress bacterial pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Foliar application with S NMs at 10-100 mg/L statistically decreased the occurrence of bacterial soft rot, where 100 mg/L exhibited the best performance with alleviating disease severity by 94.1 % as relative to infected controls. The disease suppression efficiency of S based materials (100 mg/L) and a conventional pesticide (thiophanate-methyl) followed the order of S NMs ≈ pesticide > S bulk particles (BPs) > sulfate. The disease control efficiency of S NMs was 1.33- and 3.20-fold that of S BPs and sulfate, respectively, and the shoot and root biomass with S NMs was 1.25- and 1.17-fold that of the pesticide treated plants. Mechanistically, S NMs (1) triggered jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) mediated systematic induced resistance and systemic acquired resistance, thereby upregulating pathogenesis-related gene expression (enhanced by 29.3-259.7 %); (2) enhanced antioxidative enzyme activity and antioxidative gene expression (improved by 67.5-326.6 %), thereby alleviating the oxidative stress; and (3) exhibited direct in vivo antibacterial activity. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that S NMs also promoted the tricarboxylic acid cycle and increased SA and JA metabolite biosynthesis. Moreover, S NMs application increased nutritive quality of lettuce by 20.8-191.7 %. These findings demonstrate that S NMs have potential to manage crop disease, thereby reducing the environmental burden due to decreasing use of conventional pesticides.
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关键词
Nano-enabled agriculture,Elemental sulfur nanomaterials,Systemic acquired resistance,Pathogenesis-related gene expression,Antioxidative ability
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