Quantitative Determination of Albumin and Immunoglobulin in Human Serum Using Gold Nanoclusters

In this experimental study, we developed a simple and selective approach to determine the concentrations of human serum albumin (HSA) and total amount of immunoglobulins (Ig) in real human serum (HS) sample using luminescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). In doing so, Au NCs were grown directly on the HS proteins without any sample pretreatment. We synthesized Au NCs on HSA and Ig and studied their photophysical properties. Using combined fluorescent and colorimetric assay we were able to obtain protein concentrations with a high degree of accuracy relative to techniques currently used in clinical diagnostics. We used method of standard additions to determine both HSA and Ig concentrations in HS by the Au NCs absorbance and fluorescence signals. A simple and cost-effective method developed in this work represents an excellent alternative to the techniques currently used in clinical diagnostics.