Artificial Intelligence Integrated GIS for Land Suitability Assessment of Wheat Crop Growth in Arid Zones to Sustain Food Security

Developing countries all over the world face numerous difficulties with regard to food security. The purpose of this research is to develop a new approach for evaluating wheat's suitability for cultivation. To this end, geographical information systems (GIS) and fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are used as the most appropriate artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Outcomes of investigations carried out in the western Nile Delta, Egypt. The fuzzy inference system used was Mamdani type. The membership functions used in this work are sigmoidal, Gaussian, and zmf membership. The inputs in this research are chemical, physical, and fertility soil indices. To predict the final soil suitability using FIS, it is required to implement 81 IF-THEN rules that were written by some experts. The obtained results show the effectiveness of FIS in predicting the wheat crop's suitability compared to conventional methods. The research region is split into four classes: around 241.3 km(2) is highly suitable for wheat growth, and 224 km(2) is defined as having moderate suitability. The third soil suitability class (low), which comprises 252.73 km(2), is larger than the unsuitable class, which comprises 40 km(2). The method given here can be easily applied again in an arid region. Decision-makers may benefit from the research's quantitative findings.