A Critical Review on Methods for the Assessment of Trainees' Performance in Virtual Reality-based Construction Safety Training

Virtual Reality (VR) is one of the transformative technologies that aid construction safety training. This study isa systematic review of literature on estimating the performance of the trainees during VR-based construction safety training. The critical analysis of the selected literature identifiedseven focus areasof research, often overlapping with oneor more areas.The focus areas include hazard recognition training, personalised feedback,training methodimprovement, the effect of VR training, the efficacy of VR training, safety behaviour analysis, and automated safety analysis. Most studies focus on either training with existing scenarios for improving hazard recognition or enhancing the training method with the latest technologies or supplementary devices. The possibilities of automated data collection during VR training need to be further explored for quantitativelyestimatingthe participant performance and analysis of close calls or safety incidents.