Observer-based supervision of the cardiovascular system with delayed measurements

This paper presents the design of a chain observer for monitoring the cardiovascular system. The system presents delays in the measured output. The chain observer proposed in this work is capable of estimating the free-delay state vector. The structure of the observer consists of two subsystems: the first subsystem at the base estimates the state vector with delay and by means of the second subsystem it is possible to estimate the delay-free state vector. {The proposed observer is applied for monitoring the dynamics of the cardiovascular system by obtaining the estimation of the state vector that is not available and reconstructing the output signal.