Prospect of environmental application of bioelectrochemical sensing

Microorganisms absorb chemical energy from bioorganic materials to produce electrical power in the microbial electrochemical systems, which is a fast-developing technology. These devices offer promise for applications in a range of disciplines, including energy, environment, and sensing, because of their versatility and the large variety of materials that can be employed as a source. To effectively transform the chemical energy contained in organic materials to electrical power, microbial electrochemical systems rely on the combination of microbial cells, bioelectrochemistry, material science, and electrochemical technology. As a result, the contact of microbes with electrodes, as well as, their functioning at physiologically significant potentials, is vital for their development. This chapter gives an overview of the principles and applications of microbial electrochemical systems, as well as their current state of development and potential for use in biosensing. It also includes a review of recent advances in the selection of electrode materials to optimize electron transfer using nanomaterials, as well as, hurdles to practical implementation and examples of biosensing applications.