A two-phase type-curve method with multiscale fluid transport mechanisms in hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs

The quantitative understanding of hydraulic fracture (HF) properties guides accurate production fore-casts and reserve estimation. Type curve is a powerful technique to characterize HF and reservoir properties from flowback and long-term production data. However, two-phase flow of water and hydrocarbon after an HF stimulation together with the complex transport mechanisms in shale nanopores exacerbate the nonlinearity of the transport equation, causing errors in type-curve analysis. Accordingly, we propose a new two-phase type-curve method to estimate HF properties, such as HF volume and permeability of fracture, through the analysis of flowback data of multi-fractured shale wells. The pro-posed type curve is based on a semianalytical solution that couples the two-phase flow from the matrix with the flow in HF by incorporating matrix influx, slippage effect, stress dependence, and the spatial variation of fluid properties in inorganic and organic pores. For the first time, multiple fluid transport mechanisms are considered into two-phase type-curve analysis for shale reservoirs. We analyze the flowback data from a multi-fractured horizontal well in a shale gas reservoir to verify the field application of the proposed method. The results show that the fracture properties calculated by the type-curve method are in good agreement with the long-time production data.(c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).