Discrepancy of Peripheral Artery Disease-Critical Limb Ischemia among Women: the Staggering Effects of Social Determinants

This chapter defines power quality and presents the most important national (IEEE) and international (IEC) standards with regard to harmonics and transient phenomena as they occur in an interconnected power system consisting of transformers, electric machines, rectifiers, inverters, and control equipment. Causes of disturbances, classification of power quality issues, and the effect of poor power quality due to harmonics and voltage, current, and power transients are discussed. Various closed-form and discrete harmonic modeling approaches for simulation techniques and some circuits for power quality improvements are presented. Measurements are applied to components exposed to harmonics and transients supplement theoretical analyses. Harmonic current and voltage generation and response of detailed distribution feeders are investigated. It is anticipated that the increased use of nonlinear circuit elements exacerbates harmonic problems. There is a tradeoff between energy efficiency and decrease of power quality. The question is to which level one can permit power quality to decrease.