Construction and Analysis of Ecological Security Pattern of Qingdao Based on MSPA and MCR Models

Building an ecological security pattern is an important way to relieve ecological pressure and promote the harmonious development of human and ecosystem in the context of rapid urbanization. The article takes Qingdao, Shandong Province as the study area, and firstly identifies ecological sources by the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) method combined with the ecological red line of Qingdao City. Secondly, the potential ecological corridors are identified based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model (MCR) method, and the potential corridors are classified by gravity model. According to the research paradigm of "point- line- area", the ecological security pattern of "Four Zones, One Axis and One Belt" in Qingdao is constructed. The results show that the ecological security pattern of Qingdao consists of 22 ecological source areas, 128 ecological corridors and 16 stepping stones, with a total area of ecological source areas is 753.28 km(2), mainly forest land and water, showing a spatial distribution pattern of "clustering from north to South and East and connecting in the middle"; the overall ecological network is well connected, but the spatial span between the north and south ecological source areas is large, and the construction cost of the ecological network is high; forest land and water are the main landscape types of the ecological corridor, and forest land has the largest area, accounting for 34.02% of the total area of the ecological corridor; in addition, arable land, as the main land for living and production, is seriously disturbed by man, accounting for 27.30% of the total area of the ecological corridor. Therefore, we should strengthen the ecological corridor protection and avoid excessive human interference with ecological sources, ecological corridors and stepping stones. As an important ecological barrier along the southeast coast of Shandong Peninsula, Qingdao takes its whole elements of ecological land as the life community, fully considers the ecological functions of ecological source areas and the spatial structure of ecological networks, and constructs the ecological security pattern of Qingdao, in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and high-quality development in Qingdao.