Longitudinal Plasma Magnesium Status During Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Prospective Cohort Study.

Emerging evidence has shown that magnesium (Mg) was associated with type 2 diabetes while few focused on abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy. The study is aimed at investigating the association between longitudinal changes in plasma Mg during pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) and exploring the possible influence of iron supplementation on the changes of plasma Mg levels. One thousand seven hundred fifty-six pregnant women from Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort (TMCHC) were involved. Blood samples were collected at gestational weeks 17.0 ± 0.9 and later 26.2 ± 1.4. Plasma Mg was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with decline rates calculated. Information on general characteristics and iron supplementation was collected by questionnaires. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted at 24–28 gestational weeks to diagnose GDM. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate relative risks (RR) of GDM. Median concentrations of plasma Mg were 0.69 mmol/L and 0.63 mmol/L respectively at two collections. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia at the first collection was 73