Deep Learning for Improved Subsurface Imaging: Enhancing GPR Clutter Removal Performance Using Contextual Feature Fusion and Enhanced Spatial Attention

In engineering practice, ground penetrating radar (GPR) records are often hindered by clutter resulting from uneven underground media distribution, affecting target signal characteristics and precise positioning. To address this issue, we propose a method combining deep learning preprocessing and reverse time migration (RTM) imaging. Our preprocessing approach introduces a novel deep learning framework for GPR clutter, enhancing the network’s feature-capture capability for target signals through the integration of a contextual feature fusion module (CFFM) and an enhanced spatial attention module (ESAM). The superiority and effectiveness of our algorithm are demonstrated by RTM imaging comparisons using synthetic and laboratory data. The processing of actual road data further confirms the algorithm’s significant potential for practical engineering applications.