A New Biotechnology for In-Planta Gene Editing and Its Application in Promoting Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Bamboo Leaves

Background Bamboo is a perennial and renewable biomass forest resource and its leaf flavonoid is an antioxidant for biological and pharmacological research. The established genetic transformation and gene editing systems in bamboo are significantly limited by the dependence on bamboo regeneration capability. The way to improve the flavonoid content in bamboo leaves through biotechnology is still not feasible. Results Here, we developed an in-planta , Agrobacterium -mediated gene expression method for exogenous genes via wounding and vacuum in bamboo. We demonstrated that the RUBY served as a reporter efficiently expressed in bamboo leaves and shoots, albeit unable to integrate into the chromosome. We have also developed a gene editing system by creating an in situ mutant of the bamboo violaxanthin de-epoxidase ( PeVDE ) gene in bamboo leaves, with lower NPQ values under the fluorometer, which can serve as a native reporter for gene editing. Furthermore, the bamboo leaves with increased flavonoid content were achieved by knocking out the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase genes. Conclusions Our method can be applied for the functional characterization of novel genes in a short time and is helpful for bamboo leaf flavonoid biotechnology breeding in the future.