Design and Capability Test of Symmetrical Radial and Transverse Vibration Ultrasonic Cutting Device

Composite vibration ultrasonic cutting can achieve better processing quality than one-dimensional vibration machining, effectively increase the quality of the finished surface and prolongs the service life of the tool. Due to limitations of existing cutting devices that use composite vibration processing, including large motion coupling errors, small amplitudes, complex devices, and high costs, a new symmetrical radial and transverse vibration ultrasonic cutting device is proposed in this study. The proposed device is designed with a symmetrical structure and a unique fixed position of nodes to overcome the above limitations. In this paper, realization of radial and transverse vibration is elucidated by studying the vibration forms of piezoelectric vibrators. Based on the small deflection theory of axisymmetric thin circular plate in elastic mechanics, deformation of the vibrator after radial vibration coupling to transverse vibration is analyzed. The relationship between tool tip output trajectory and excitation phase difference is also evaluated. Impedance analysis and amplitude measurement results reveal that the cutting device achieves radial vibration at 80.5 kHz, with an amplitude of up to 490 nm; achieves transverse vibration at 75.95 kHz, with an amplitude of up to 710 nm, while amplitude ratio of radial and transverse vibrations is 0.679. The quality factor Q m of transverse vibration is 705.33, proving that the device can perform ultrasonic vibration cutting for a long time. The tool tip output trajectory proves that under different phases, the cutting device can achieve variable elliptical vibration cutting.