Current Evidence on the Safety and Efficacy of Combined Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Left Atrial Appendage Closure

Purpose of review Combined atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and left atrial (LA) appendage (LAA) closure (LAAC) has been practiced for management of both the symptoms and the high stroke risk of AF. The purpose of this review is to review recent evidence regarding the combined procedure. Recent findings Newly acquired long-term data of combined AF ablation and LAAC supplied satisfactory evidence on the safety and efficacy of the combined procedure. Studies also showed LA structural remodeling following combined procedure was mainly affected by sinus rhythm status post catheter ablation, not by LAAC. A cost-effectiveness study revealed that combined procedure was a cost-effective therapeutic option in symptomatic AF patients with high stroke and bleeding risk. Due to recent evidence of high incidences of LAA thrombus formation after LAA electrical isolation (LAAEI) and benefit of LAAC after LAAEI, an extended combined procedure of standard AF ablation plus LAAEI and LAAC was considered as a potential therapeutic option for persistent AF patients with high stroke risk. Summary In conclusion, combined AF ablation and LAAC serve as a promising option for patients with symptomatic AF and high risk of stroke and/or bleeding.