Galangin Rescues Alzheimer's Amyloid- Induced Mitophagy and Brain Organoid Growth Impairment

Dysfunctional mitochondria and mitophagy are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is widely accepted that restoration of mitophagy helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and ameliorates the pathogenesis of AD. It is imperative to create appropriate preclinical models to study the role of mitophagy in AD and to assess potential mitophagy-targeting therapies. Here, by using a novel 3D human brain organoid culturing system, we found that amyloid-beta (A beta(1-42),10 mu M) decreased the growth level of organoids, indicating that the neurogenesis of organoids may be impaired. Moreover, A beta treatment inhibited neural progenitor cell (NPC) growth and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Further analysis revealed that mitophagy levels were reduced in the brain organoids and NPCs. Notably, galangin (10 mu M) treatment restored mitophagy and organoid growth, which was inhibited by A beta. The effect of galangin was blocked by the mitophagy inhibitor, suggesting that galangin possibly acted as a mitophagy enhancer to ameliorate A beta-induced pathology. Together, these results supported the important role of mitophagy in AD pathogenesis and suggested that galangin may be used as a novel mitophagy enhancer to treat AD.