Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer in China

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding pembrolizumab to various therapy combinations in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer from the Chinese perspective.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The clinical data for our model was taken from the KEYNOTE-826 trial. The direct costs and utilities were collected from local price databases or previously published literature. A three-state partitioned survival model was designed to simulate the disease process of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. All costs were estimated in US dollars, with an annual RMB exchange rate of $1 to 6.45 Yuan in 2021. The willingness to pay threshold (WTP) was set at US$37,663.26/QALY. One-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of variables on the model parameters.RESULTS:For patients with a programmed death-ligand 1 combined positive score greater than 1,compared to the chemotherapy group, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy contributed an incremental 1.12 Quality-adjusted Life Years (QALYs) with an incremental cost of US$71,884.42, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$64,338.19, which is beyond the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of China. According to sensitivity analyses, the ICERs were most sensitive to the utility of progressive disease and the cost of pembrolizumab. However, those parameters had no significant impact on the model's outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:The addition of pembrolizumab to various therapy combinations chemotherapy is exorbitant and may not be cost-effective for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer in China.