Evaluation of factors predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of parathyroid cancer: a single-center study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the postoperative clinical course of parathyroid carcinoma to determine factors that predict postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis. Methods In this retrospective study, we included 38 patients with parathyroid carcinoma who received surgical intervention at Itoh Hospital between 1979 and 2020. Clinicopathologic characteristics (age, sex, intact PTH, serum Ca level, operation type, parathyroid weight, parathyroid size, histopathologic findings: vascular invasion, capsular invasion, necrosis, histological type, and Ki-67 staining) were used. The median follow-up observation period was 63.7 months. Results Postoperatively, 5 patients (13.2%) developed distant metastasis or had localized recurrence, and 3 patients died (7.9%). The results of the univariate analysis revealed three factors affecting distant metastasis and recurrence, which were Ki-67 ( p = 0.0041), the presence or absence of necrosis ( p = 0.0163), and tumor weight ( p = 00,189). Using the cutoff values obtained by ROC analysis, which were 4.1 for Ki-67 (sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 96.9%) and 4890 mg for tumor weight (sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 60.9%), we calculated the cumulative incidence of recurrence and distant metastasis by the three factors retained. We found that the presence of the three factors was associated with a high possibility of distant metastasis or recurrence during the 5-year follow-up period. Conclusions Three factors, Ki-67, necrosis, and tumor weight in parathyroid carcinoma, may predict outcomes of postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis.