New molecular and immunologic targets of therapy for esophageal cancer and the prospects for ongoing and future clinical trials.

Esophageal cancer is a deadly disease worldwide. Advancements in diagnosis, surgical technique, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have improved survival over the years. While targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly impacted survival for patients with advanced disease, they have also been demonstrating efficacy when added to trimodality therapy for locoregional disease. This review focuses on molecular and immunologic targets of therapy for esophageal cancer and the prospects for ongoing and future clinical trials.