A recent high-resolution PM2.5 and VOCs speciated emission inventory from anthropogenic sources: A case study of central China

Aiming to provide basic data support for the improvement of air quality in the study region, this study established the emission inventory and speciated emission inventory of PM2.5 and VOCs in Henan Province, and further estimated the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosols formation potential (SOAFP) of VOCs to identify key species, priority sources and typical cities. The 2017-based emissions of PM2.5 and VOCs were 598 and 1079 kt, respectively. Industrial process, fugitive dust and biomass burning were the three major contributors to PM2.5, with a combined contribution of 79%, while industrial process, on-road mobile, solvent utilization and biomass burning were the four major contributors to VOCs emissions, with a combined contribution of 90%. Other unidentified species had the highest emissions, followed by carbonaceous components and inorganic elements and water-soluble ions. The total amount of OFP and SOAFP were 3482 and 81 kt. The species categories of VOCs that contributed large fractions to the emissions were alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs, to the OFP were aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, and oxygenated VOCs, and to the SOAFP were aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes. Considering OFP and SOAFP together, industrial process, solvent utilization, on-road mobile and biomass burning are the key emission sources to control. The overall spatial distribution showed that PM2.5 and VOCs emissions were relatively low in the southwest and southeast of Henan province, while emissions were high in densely populated, industrial, agricultural and transportation developed areas, and the spatial distribution characteristics of OFP and SOAFP were similar to those of VOCs emissions.