The Influence of Urban Green Space Soundscape on the Changes of Citizens’ Emotion: A Case Study of Beijing Urban Parks

Coronavirus disease 2019 has significantly impacted mental health. Urban green spaces’ ecological function can improve citizens’ well-being and mental health; thus, this study explored the value realisation mechanism of ecological products in green space by examining the impact of urban green space soundscape on citizens’ emotions. Additionally, we investigated citizens’ subjective perceptions and emotional changes in soundscape through questionnaires. An A-weighted sound pressure level meter was used to measure the sound pressure levels at three points in a day to obtain the sound pressure level changes during different day periods in a park. Subsequently, the universal conclusion through a comparative analysis of the sound pressure level change in urban parks during the day was roughly ‘M’ shape. Further, a structural equation model analysed the influence of different soundscape on public sentiment and used a multigroup analysis to examine the difference in the impact of natural sounds in summer and winter on the change in public opinion. The results show that natural and living sounds positively affect citizens’ emotions, whereas mechanical sounds negatively affect citizens’ emotions. Furthermore, natural sounds in summer positively affect citizens’ moods significantly. Conversely, natural sounds in winter negatively affect citizens’ attitudes, but this is not obvious. Finally, this study proposed some suggestions for managing and improving urban green space soundscape.