Fates of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes during sludge anaerobic digestion with different pretreatments
Chemical Engineering Journal（2023）
Abstract
•Pretreatments removed iARGs and eARGs in sludge in order of THP > ALP > ENP.•Protease pretreatment showed removal effects on ARGs.•eARGs were easier to remove than iARGs were during AD.•Variations in eARGs were affected by changes in iARGs and sludge properties.
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Key words
iARGs,eARGs,Anaerobic digestion of sludge,Pretreatments,Mechanisms
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