Cardiovascular Reflex Tests Detect Autonomic Dysfunction in Symptomatic and Pre-Symptomatic Subjects with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis

Guaraldi P.,Rocchi C.,Cani I.,Gagliardi C.,Longhi S.,Baschieri F.,Rinaldi R.,Frezza E.,D’Angelo R.,Barletta G.,Calandra-Buonaura G.,Galiè N.,Massa R.,Cortelli P.

Clinical Autonomic Research（2023）SCI 3区SCI 4区

IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna | Policlinico Tor Vergata | Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna | University of Bologna | UOC Clinica Neurologica Rete Metropolitana NEUROMET IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi | Tor Vergata University of Rome

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Abstract

Purpose Autonomic dysfunction is a distinctive but undervalued feature of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). It may predate the onset of polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy, thereby providing crucial prognostic and therapeutic information. The objective of this study was to assess autonomic function by means of the standardized cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CRTs) in a cohort of subjects with genetically proven ATTRv from non-endemic areas who were in the symptomatic and pre-symptomatic stages. Methods All subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional study had genetically proven ATTRv. They underwent the head-up tilt test, Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing test, cold face test and handgrip test while under continuous blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. Based on the results of the nerve conduction study, the subjects were divided into two groups: those with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-wPN) and those without polyneuropathy (ATTRv-woPN). Age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were used for comparison. Results Thirty-seven ATTRv subjects (19 with ATTRv-wPN, 18 with ATTRv-woPN) and 41 HC performed the CRTs. Of these 37 subjects with ATTRv, four (11%) presented neurogenic orthostatic hypotension the during head-up tilt test. Based on the results of the CRTs, autonomic dysfunction characterized by either sympathetic or parasympathetic impairment was detected in 37% and 63% of ATTRv-wPN subjects, respectively. Subjects with ATTRv-woPN presented a significant impairment of autonomic responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre compared to the HC (overshoot p = 0.004; Valsalva ratio p = 0.001). Conclusion Autonomic dysfunctions are frequent in subjects with ATTRv when investigated by means of standardized CRTs, and are also relevant in the pre-symptomatic stage. Cardiovagal functions are the primary functions affected, among others. This may be crucial in defining the proper diagnostic workout for early diagnosis and improving the likelihood of providing the patient with prompt administration of disease-modifying treatments.

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Key words

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis,Autonomic dysfunction,Dysautonomia,Cardiovascular reflex tests,Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy

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