Design a D-shaped single mode fiber SPR sensor with a composite nanostructure of HMM/monolayer graphene for DNA hybridization detection

•A monolayer graphene/HMM/D-SMF SPR sensor was designed, which could detect DNA molecules and analyze the kinetic hybridization properties of the DNA molecules.•The internal Bloch wave vector of the HMM was calculated, the mode phase matching was analyzed, and graphene gain was achieved.•Experimental results show that the sensor exhibited high sensitivity, good linearity, and repeatability.•The sensor could detect the region from visible light to near infrared, so it could serve as a novel detection method for other biomolecules.