Radiation-induced Alteration of Meta-chert

Concrete aggregate identified as "meta-chert" was irradiated with gamma-rays and neutrons. To identify the volume expansion of the aggregate under neutron irradiation, the following analyses were performed for pristine and irradiated alpha-quartz and meta-chert: X-ray diffraction (XRD)/Rietveld analysis, dimension change, water pycnometry, He-pycnometry, light optical microscopy (LOM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the difference of volume expansion observed from dimension change and water/helium pycnometry, the crack opening inside the aggregate subjected to irradiation was elucidated, and this was confirmed by LOM and SEM analysis. The crack contribution to the expansion of the aggregate was significant for neutron fluence > 6.99 x 10(19) n/cm(2), for E >= 0.01 MeV. Based on the XRD analysis, changes in lattice parameters were identified and the cell volume expansion was compared with the data obtained by helium pycnometry. Based on the density change calculation and phase calculation data, the density of X-ray amorphous phase was consistent with that of expanded crystal alpha-quartz.