Application of 1H NMR metabolomics to French sparkling wines

Production and consumption of sparkling wines are constantly increasing and are confronted with substantial fraud problems. Last two decades have seen a significant increase in studies on wine metabolomics. In contrast, few metabolomics studies have focused on sparkling wines. A targeted approach based on 1H NMR metabolomics was applied to study profiles of commercial French sparkling wines from four protected designation of origin (PDO): Champagne, Cre ' mant d'Alsace, Cre ' mant de Bourgogne and Cre ' mant de Bordeaux. The collected data were statistically processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial orthogonal least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). For origin and quality discrimination, significant discriminating metabolites were identified based on variable importance in projection (VIP) and correlation coefficient (p-(corr)) values. The results showed that 1H-NMR-based metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis is an effective tool to discriminate commercial sparkling wines and sparkling wine quality. In addition, the targeted approach allowed identifying specific markers of each PDO.