Recurrence of low-grade serous ovarian cancer successfully treated with Gemcitabine and Bevacizumab: a case report and literature review

Ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) is usually a slow growing tumor with a relatively good prognosis. However, LGSC that have relapsed are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and there is currently no established treatment for them in contrast to high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Here, we first review the literature on this topic and then describe a case of LGSC that relapsed and responded to Gemcitabine and Bevacizumab. The patient was a 37-year-old nulliparous woman who had undergone three cycles of topotecan after initial surgery at age 28.5 years as well as three months later during a disease-free interval. Intraperitoneal dissemination was observed and laparoscopic biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed LGSC, and genetic testing revealed mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and TP53 genes. The mass of the disseminated lesion subsequently increased overall, and subileus was observed. The patient was treated, but the operation was incomplete. Postoperatively, Gemcitabine and Bevacizumab therapy was started. After six cycles, tumor markers became negative and Positron Emission Tomography-CT (PET-CT) showed decreased tumor activity. There were 20 cycles without any symptoms. LGSC is often resistant to anticancer drugs, but Gemcitabine and Bevacizumab therapy was able to suppress the lesions and symptoms in this case. With these findings, future genomic testing may assist in the treatment strategy for cases of LGSC recurrence, which are considered to be less likely to respond to anticancer drugs. Comprehensive genetic analysis will hopefully lead to the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis for more effective and targeted therapies.