Comparison of Three Health-Related Quality of Life Instruments in Relation to Visual Acuity: EQ-5D, 15D, and EUROHIS-QOL8

Purpose To compare three health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments in detecting the effect of distance visual acuity (VA) on generic HRQoL in an adult population. Methods We used cross-sectional, population-based data from a nationwide health survey conducted in Finland in 2011–2012. It included three self-reported HRQoL instruments, EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), 15D, and EUROHIS-QOL8, and a health examination in which habitual distance VA was measured binocularly. We assessed 3764 survey participants aged 30 years and older with information available on these parameters. The comparability and sensitivity of the instruments were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression in different VA groups. Results EQ-5D and 15D index scores showed strong positive correlation (0.65–0.74) with each other regardless of distance VA, whereas EUROHIS-QOL8 index score showed moderate-to-strong correlation (0.46–0.79) with EQ-5D and 15D. All three instruments showed a negative trend with deteriorating VA, although EQ-5D and 15D showed better sensitivity than EUROHIS-QOL8. When adjusted for age, gender, and co-morbidities, adequate vision (VA 0.63–0.8), weak vision (VA 0.32–0.5), and impaired vision or worse (VA ≤ 0.25) were independently associated with declined EQ-5D and 15D, whereas declined EUROHIS-QOL8 was associated only with adequate and weak vision. Conclusion All three instruments can be viable tools in evaluating the relation between vision and HRQoL. While 15D is preferred due to its wide coverage of dimensions, EQ-5D can be an equal alternative, as it has less respondent burden. The feasibility of EUROHIS-QOL8 on detecting differences between lower VA levels may require further evidence.