Characterization and Immunomodulatory Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Introduction: The bioactive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be in part due to production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs decrease intraarticular inflammation, making them a candidate for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Our objective was to characterize EVs isolated from equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and investigate their immunomodulatory properties. We hypothesized that EVs from BM-MSCs conditioned with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) would have superior immunomodulatory properties.