A Semi-Analytical Passive Strategy to Examine a Magnetized Heterogeneous Mixture Having Sodium Alginate Liquid with Alumina and Copper Nanomaterials Near a Convectively Heated Surface of a Stretching Curved Geometry

In this article, the authors have analyzed a steady and incompressible two-dimensional flow of sodium alginate (SA)-based viscous ternary nanofluid including copper and alumina nanoparticles near a stretchable curved surface. A uniform magnetic field is exerted on the nanofluid flow along the radial direction. Furthermore, an appropriate convective heating process and zero wall mass flux are adopted in this study as boundary conditions. The chemical reaction, variable internal heating, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and Arrhenius activation energy impacts are assumed. A robust semi-analytical method abbreviated as HAM (i.e., homotopy analysis method) is chosen in this analysis to get accurate solutions for the modeled problem. Additionally, HAM results are compared extensively with an outstanding tabular/graphical agreement and consistency. The impressions of the embedded factors on the velocity profile, the temperature variation, the concentration distribution, the skin friction factor, and Nusselt's number of sodium alginate-based copper nanofluid, alumina nanofluid, and copper-alumina hybrid nanofluid are deliberated comprehensively. The results showed that the velocity distribution of SA-based nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid decreases as the nanoparticles' volume fraction and magnetic factor increase, whereas the temperature distribution of SA-based nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid improves as the nanoparticles' volume fraction escalates. The rising solid volume fraction and magnetic factor increase the strength of the surface drag force of SA-based copper nanofluid and alumina nanofluid. The increasing nanoparticles' volume fraction and internal heat source parameter upsurge the heat transfer rate of SA-based copper nanofluid and alumina nanofluid. It is also revealed that the hybrid nanofluid is highly affected by the involved physical factors as compared to the case of monotype nanofluids.