Impact of adherence to individual quality-of-care indicators on the prognosis of bloodstream infection due to Staphylococcus aureus: a prospective observational multicentre cohort

Objectives: To analyse the adherence and impact of quality-of-care indicators (QCIs) in the management of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection in a prospective and multicentre cohort. Methods: Analysis of the prospective, multicentre international S. Aureus Collaboration cohort of S. Aureus bloodstream infection cases observed between January 2013 and April 2015. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of adherence to QCIs on 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 1784 cases were included. Overall, 90-day mortality was 29.9% and mean follow-up period was 118 days. Adherence was 67% (n = 1180/1762) for follow-up blood cultures, 31% (n = 416/ 1342) for early focus control, 77.6% (n = 546/704) for performance of echocardiography, 75.5% (n = 1348/ 1784) for adequacy of targeted antimicrobial therapy, 88.6% (n = 851/960) for adequacy of treatment duration in non-complicated bloodstream infections and 61.2% (n = 366/598) in complicated blood-stream infections. Full bundle adherence was 18.4% (n = 328/1784). After controlling for immortal time bias and potential confounders, focus control (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.99; p 0.038) and adequate targeted antimicrobial therapy (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.91; p 0.004) were associated with low 90-day mortality. Discussion: Adherence to QCIs in S. Aureus bloodstream infection did not reach expected rates. Apart from the benefits of application as a bundle, focus control and adequate targeted therapy were inde-pendently associated with low mortality. Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Clin Microbiol Infect 2023;29:498 (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).